p1.html

Puppy boots up and runs fast in RAM memory, freeing any CD boot drive. Puppy has all the applications needed for daily use in only 39MB (Barebones) or 83MB (Puppy2.13). Puppy will boot from a minimum PC with 586 CPU and 32Meg RAM. Puppy will easily install to CD, DVD, USB, Zip or hard drive media.

Puppy minimizes USB keydrive writes to extend boot flash devices life indefinitely.

What is Puppy Linux?

Puppy Linux, started by Barry Kauler, is a small, mature, fully featured Linux operating system for your PC. Puppy works well on old, second systems and is a delight on modern computers. It boots from CD, flash card, hard disk, USB key-drive or a CD-RW, saving files on CD-R, DVD-R or USB keydrive. Puppy runs from ram memory with applications including web browser, word processor and chat program. Applications are very responsive on modern equipment and obsolete equipment becomes usable.

Isn't Windows or a big Linux better?

However new your hardware, in a few months it slows down in Windows. True?
Windows and most Linux are slow; big, complex and cumbersome
Puppy Linux is simple and easy. Fun
Puppy is faster loading from CD than MS Windows from hard disk
Puppy includes all needed free software
Puppy uses wizards and simplicity - everything is explained
Puppy comes with great free support, via our community forum, wiki, free video tutorials and audio broadcasts
People who try Puppy are amazed by his speed, ease of use and fun factor. Everyone Loves Puppy

How to get Puppy

You can get Puppy Linux here

http://puppylinux.org/wikka/DownloadLatest

Save the current release puppy-2.xx-seamonkey.iso (e.g. puppy-2.13-seamonkey.iso) on your hard drive. The file size is about 83MB.

To make sure that you downloaded a genuine original file correctly, you can compare the checksum of the ISO file with the associated file puppy-2.xx-seamonkey.iso.md5.txt (e.g. puppy-2.13-seamonkey.iso.md5.txt). Download this file as well.

Within Linux:

Open a shell/terminal and change into the directory, in which you stored the two files. Enter the following command:

md5sum puppy-2.13-seamonkey.iso

As a result you get the checksum. Open the file puppy-2.13-seamonkey.iso.md5.txt with a text program (e.g. Abiword). The two checksums should be identical.

Within Windows:

Download the DOS-Program md5sum.exe. To open a DOS-Box click on "Start | Execute". This opens an input window, into which you enter the following command:

cmd

Now you get a DOS-Box.

Change into the directory, in which you stored the two files, e.g. C:/Puppy. Enter these commands:

cd \

cd puppy

dir *.*

Now you should see the Puppy-files. Enter the command:

md5sum -c puppy-2.13-seamonkey.iso.md5.txt

You should get an "OK".

Subsequently you burn the ISO file (in our example puppy-2.13-seamonkey.iso) on CD. To burn an ISO file on CD, consult the manual of your CD burning software. Beginners sometimes copy the ISO file simply as a data-file on CD, which doesn't work. Usually the CD-burning software has a special menu option for burning an ISO file on CD. You can verify whether you burned the CD correctly by looking at the CD with the file manager (e.g. Windows Explorer). If you see files as "image.gz" or "vmlinuz.gz" everything is OK. If you see the file "puppy-2.13-seamonkey.iso" this is incorrect.

Tip:

Create a second, identical Puppy CD as a backup copy, in case the original CD becomes corrupted.

Differences between Puppy 1 and 2 series

Puppy 1 uses an earlier Linux kernel and may offer better support for some older hardware. You will find increased speed, more powerful applications, such as Inkscape and Gparted and the Universal Installer in Puppy 2. Puppy hardware recognition is now rivaling that of Knoppix and has surpassed XP for older equipment. Puppy 1.09CE was the last in the 1 series. It is still used.

Run from CD - the easiest way to try Puppy

You don't need a hard disk to run Puppy. No installation is required either. Have a major Linux or Windows on your hard disk and run Puppy from CD or USB keydrive.

How to run Puppy the very first time

First set up the boot sequence in the BIOS. If you do not know how to get into the BIOS-setup, consult the computers manual. Usually you press one of the following keys immediately after switching on the PC: ESC, one of the function keys F1 to F12 or the delete key. At the BIOS-setup you change the boot sequence so that the CD-ROM drive is first and the hard drive is second. Save the settings and close the BIOS setup. Insert the Puppy CD into the CD-ROM drive.

When the PC the reboots, the BIOS will boot from the CD. Now Puppy should start.

During the starting procedure you are requested to enter the keyboard map. Navigate with the cursor keys downward to the entry "us" (us stands for USA) or your locality. Then strike the return key. Thereafter a further window (Puppy video Wizard) appears. Use arrow keys, navigate with the arrow keys to the resolution and depth of colour (e.g. 1024x768x16 or 1280x1024x24) and press the space bar, so that an X is set for your required resolution. Then strike the return key. Make sure that the entry is marked as "supported".

After a test you the Puppy desktop appears for the first time. These settings will be saved on your HD, CD (requires burner) or not when you finish. The choice is yours.

Puppy is loaded completely into RAM. Your old operating system is untouched, you can safely use Puppy Linux. Now you can take the CD out of the CD drive if you wish.

If you terminate Puppy you are asked whether you want to store the settings (and your personal files) in a file named pup_save.3fs on a hard drive or CD-ROM. A window appears which offers you the choice between "SAVE-TO-FILE" and "SAVE_TO_CD_or_QUIT" (you can change between the two options with the tab-key). Select with the tab-key "SAVE_TO_CD_or_QUIT" and press the return-key. Now a further window appears and you can select "NO_SAVE" or "SAVE_TO_CD".

If you would like to store the settings (and your personal files) you are asked on which hard drive.

Save settings and personal files

So that Puppy can store all settings and your personal data, a file named pup_save.3fs is saved. A size of 512 MB for this file, is a good start. This is big enough for further programs and can be backed-up on CD-ROM (note: if you want to backup the file on a USB stick, it must have a storage capacity of 1 GB). Puppy can store the pup_save.3fs-file on a FAT32-file system only (note: USB sticks and external hard drives are usually formatted with a FAT32-file system, so that they can be used without problems). Windows XP users normally have a NTFS filesystem only. NTFS is now supported but may be slow.

Harddrives, partitions and filesystems

A hard drive can be divided in one or more partitions. If you create several partitions on a hard drive, each partition appears like a hard drive in the operating system. In other words, although you have only one hard drive in your PC, you will see several (virtual) hard-drives with Windows or Linux. Windows designates the hard drives (as well as the floppy disk drive and CD/DVD drive). In Windows they will be identified with letters. Usually 'A:' designates the floppy disk drive, C: the hard drive (first partition), D: the CD-ROM drive, E: the hard drive (second partition), F: the hard drive (third partition) and so on. Each partition has its own file system, Windows normally uses NTFS (Windows XP) or FAT32 (Win98, Win95).

With Linux the (first) hard drive is addressed as /dev/hda or /dev/sda. If your PC has a second hard drive, it is addressed as /dev/hdb or /dev/sdb. The partitions are sequentially numbered, starting with one. The partitions of your harddrive are addressed as /dev/hda1 (corresponds to the Windows C-partition), /dev/hda2 (corresponds to the Windows E-partition), /dev/hda3 and so on. Linux can work with different file systems such as ext2, ext3 or ReiserFS. These file systems are not readable by Windows. In addition Linux can work with Windows file systems too. Due to this option a FAT32 partition is ideal to exchange files between Windows and Linux.

How to create a FAT32-partition

First of all you have to plan your new hard drive partitions. I recommend you add to your existing Windows partition at least three further partitions. The following example assumes that you have only one hard drive (Windows-partition C). Your hard drive could be like this:

First partition: NTFS (Windows XP)

Second partition: FAT32 (to save your Puppy-file pup_save.3fs)

Third partition: FAT32 (to exchange files between Windows and Linux)

optional fourth partition: ext3 (Linux)

The first partition is your Windows partition with all its programs and data. The second and third partition have a FAT32 file system, which can be accessed by Windows and Linux. On the second partition (recommended size of approx. 1 GB) the pup_save.3fs-file will be stored, the third partition (recommended size of approx. 5 GB) will be used to exchange files between Windows and Puppy. To save many large files with Puppy Linux (e.g. music collection or picture collection) you should create a fourth partition with an ext3-filesystem. This file system can not be read by Windows and is intended for Linux only.

To create the partition you should do this:

First of all save your files on a CD-ROM, DVD or an external hard drive. Remember also to save your favorite Internet addresses and your email's. If you have encrypted files, it is advisable to decrypt them and save them too. This protects you from data loss while creating new partitions.

Now you have to make sure that on your Windows partition all files are stored at the beginning of the hard drive partition. In addition, run the Windows-program Defragger. You will find the program in the start-menu "Start | All Programs | Accessories | System | Defragger". Depending upon the size of the partition and the stored files, this procedure can last for a very long time (over one hour). If you have many files, you can accelerate the procedure if you first backup these files and then delete them.

Subsequently, when you start Puppy Linux from CD, start the program "Menu | Control Panel | Gparted partition manager". Make the NTFS partition smaller and create the new partitions.

In Puppy Linux you start a shell "Menu | Run | Rxvt terminal emulator" and then you enter the following commands, in order to create the second and third partitions with a FAT32 files system:

mkfs -t vfat /dev/hda2

mkfs -t vfat /dev/hda3

If you want to create a partition with ext3 file system for Puppy Linux, then enter the following command:

mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hda4

Close the shell and remove the Puppy CD out of the CD-ROM drive. Then shut down Puppy Linux without saving.

Next time you start Puppy Linux, you can choose the partition /dev/hda2 to store the pup_save.3fs-file.

How to install Puppy

If you don't want to start from CD-ROM each time, you can install Puppy on a hard drive. There are four alternatives:

Install Puppy on a hard drive
Install Puppy on a USB-stick
CD-ROM-image on a hard drive
Install Puppy on a multi-session CD/DVD

How to save a Puppy-image on a hard drive and how to boot the image in RAM

This is a fine option for starting Puppy. It combines the advantages of booting from CD-ROM (protection from harming programs) and hard drive (speed). If you want to use this option you have to install a boot-manager (e.g. GRUB) first.

After GRUB is installed, start Windows and insert the Puppy CD into the CD-ROM drive. Copy the file PUP_210.SFS to a partition with FAT32 filesystem (in our example this is the second partition, which probably has the letter E under Windows). If you had already stored the file pup_save.3fs from an earlier use of Puppy and if you would like to use it further, cut and paste this file to the same folder as the file PUP_210.SFS. Subsequently, you create a directory named "boot". Then you copy from the Puppy CD two files named INITRD.GZ and VMLINUZ to this directory.

The partition should have the following content now:

E:\ PUP_210.SFS

E:\ pup_save.3fs (optional)

E:\boot\ INITRD.GZ

E:\boot\ VMLINUZ

Now you still have to configure the boot-manager GRUB. Terminate Windows and start Puppy Linux from CD-ROM with the boot-option "puppy pfix=ram".

* Open a shell "Menu | Run | Rxvt terminal emulator" and enter the following comand

mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2

The command assumes that GRUB is installed to the partition /dev/hda2.

* Run the program "Menu | Word Processing | Geany text editor"

* Open the file /mnt/hda2/boot/grub/menu with the text editor.

* In the menu.lst-file change the selection of the operating system (the line begins with the command default):

default 1

* Add these lines at the end of the menu.lst-file:

title = Puppy

rootnoverify (hd0,1)

kernel /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/ram0 loglevel=3 PMEDIA=idehd

initrd /boot/initrd.gz

Save the menu.lst-file.
Close the text editor.
Close the FAT32-partition with the command

umount /dev/hda2

Take the Puppy CD out of the CD-ROM drive.
Shut down Puppy without saving.
Boot the PC. Now Puppy should start without a CD inserted in the CD-ROM drive.

To boot from CD

It is likely that your computers boot (start up) order is:

1. floppy

2. CD

3. Hard disk

Just pop in the CD and reboot

Boot Options

When Puppy boots it offers you some boot-options. If you do not enter anything, Puppy is loaded into RAM. When starting, Puppy automatically looks for a previously stored pup_save.3fs-file. If this file doesn't exist yet, you are asked abot a preferred keyboard and screen resolution

With the boot-option

puppy pfix=ram

you have the option to start Puppy into RAM without your pre-saved-settings and without your personal files even if a pup_save.3fs-file already exists.

Booting

If Boot up fails

Press Enter - sometimes the CD has not started spinning yet
Do a soft reboot (Ctrl + Alt + Delete) Sometimes part of the memory is not cleared
Turn off and wait 30 sec - time needed to ensure memory is cleared in some older RAM

ottom of rtinux/distrpuppyli

Turning an ISO image into a self booting Linux Operating System with MS Windows:
Use Burncdcc

About 350k

Here are flash videos explaining the process:

http://rhinoweb.us

Download the most current Puppy Linux iso file
Install BurnCDCC
Burn the iso image using BurnCDCC
Insert your new Puppy disk into to CD Drive and reboot the computer.

When burning use the slowest burn speed in burncdcc to ensure correct burning.

Running Puppy
When you have a bootable CD:

Restart your computer with Puppy CD in your CD-ROM drive (If it does not attempt to boot from the CD, see the entering CMOS page). At the boot screen, either wait five seconds for normal boot. Press 'Enter' to bypass the 5 second delay.

The Menu

Pressing 'Enter' will select the first option and speed up boot time

(see the isolinux.cfg in the CD image for each version's options):

Just wait 5 seconds for normal startup!

The Initial Boot up

Upon the first boot of Puppy (or if you didn't save your settings), you are asked some questions:

At the Select the keyboard dialog, use arrow keys to scroll down to 'uk' (or whatever keyboard layout you wish) and press Enter.

How to boot from CD

Newer computers are able to support booting from CD. Some computers look for the Operating System on the hard disk first. Change the computer to use the CD-ROM before the hard drive.

Puppy is a Linux "Live CD" so you simply put the CD into your drive and reboot. There are two ways to do this; one, buy a copy and two burn your own.

If you decide to buy a copy remember Puppy is free you are just buying the CD (the plastic round thing) and shipping not Puppy Linux. Here is the web address to find out the details http://pupweb.org/puppy/download/downpage.htm#Purchase

If you decide to burn your own you must obtain the ISO image. This is a file that contains all the information on the CD. It is available here http://pupweb.org/puppy/download/downpage.htm You need the file that is named puppy-2.???????.iso ( where the ??? will change with version ). To burn the file to a CD you must have a burning program that can handle ISO images.

Windows 2000/XP - HT Fireman ("free") or Nero (not free)
Puppy Linux 1.x.x - Graveman
Other Linux - Kd3, Graveman or others

The important thing is that you use the ISO burning feature and don't burn the ISO file itself to the CD. So for example you could find it in the menu or select copy then for the input device select ISO file.

Booting

In order to boot there are a few things that have to be set up correctly. Most computers should be OK to just put the CD in and restart.

There are a few simple things that can go wrong and this may not be a complete list. So before doing anything drastic like changing BIOS settings try this;

Turn your computer completely off for about 10 seconds then back on.
If you have more than one CD drive try all of them.
Re-burn the CD

The next thing to try would be to tell your BIOS that you would like to boot from a CD. Your system will be different from my system but this is the basic idea. Turn your computer off then back on. When your computer first turns on press the "Del", "F1", "Esc" or some other key to enter the BIOS setup. Your system could even tell you what key to press on the screen.

When you are in your BIOS setup program find the section that says boot order or boot device priority or something like that. Change this setting to boot from the CD drive first. This is OK because if there is no CD it just goes to the next device. A good way to set this up is for your CD to boot first then the floppy drive then the hard drive.

If your computer is really old or there is some problem then last thing to do would be to make a wake floppy (Setup / wakepup).

When the CD boots the first thing that you see is the Puppy boot menu. For now just hit Enter. This will start Puppy with the default boot settings.

The next screen you will see is the key map selection. Select your keymap ("us" for me) and press enter. Last you must select Xvesa or Xorg. If you don't know the difference select Xvesa. The last thing you will have to set is the resolution. It just select the one that best suites you.

Changing CD boot settings:

Many laptops allow you to boot from the CD once (only for this time) by pressing a special key (usually esc, del or F1, F2, F3, F11, F2 or F10) during the memory checks (very soon after the computer's power on).

The second method is to setup your box to permanently look for a boot CD at first, and try to boot from the hard disk only if no CD is found. Again, you have to press a key during the startup, which will allow you to enter CMOS/BIOS SETUP - it should say during the boot up sequence.

Then the (usually the second set of options) will include a set of boot possibilities. Change to CD/ DVD or USB Boot (if available) then save (usually F10) and exit the setup function

You may need to do a cold-reset or even turn your computer off, to use the new settings. You should boot from the new option which you can change back to HD later

If Booting requires BIOS changes:

You may need to change the boot order in your BIOS. In the BIOS look for 'Advanced setting', 'Boot order' or 'Boot options'. Set CDROM as a first device and hard disk as a second one.

Here is how you change those settings:

During a hard boot (when the computer is first turned on or when the reset button has been pressed) try these - getting the right time can be tricky. Press the combination or key about every 2 seconds to ensure entering the CMOS/BIOS

Entering CMOS For Different Motherboards

Press Tab during boot = Emachine

Press DEL during boot = AMI, Award

Press Esc during boot = Toshiba

Press F1 during boot = Toshiba

Device setup

Most things in you system should work without any configuration, for example, your mouse. The devices in this section need extra information or drivers in order to work. First try running the wizards yourself located at Menu -> Setup -> Wizards. If you need help see the sections below.

Dialup Modems

Start off clicking on the connect icon on the desktop. If you have an external modem serial modem it should have been auto-detected by Puppy. In that case just take the GKdial option. If not you will have to use the modem wizard.

If the modem wizard does not work you most likely have a winmodem. Puppy does support some types of these modems and there are Linux drivers for others. The best way to get help about modems that do not work with the wizard is the forum at www.puppylinux.org, just click on the forum link at the top . If your modem does not work consider picking up an external serial modem, they are cheep and work great with linux.

In any case when you get a modem set up all you have to do it open GKdial ( Menu -> Network -> GKdial ) and use the add button.

Next, enter the information from your ISP.

Now click Add and then click Connect on the main screen.

Ethernet / Network (Cable Modems and DSP)

In Puppy Ethernet networks are easy to set up. Just run the wizard ( Menu -> Setup -> Wizards -> Ethernet / Network ) or click connect on the desktop and select it from there. In the wizard you will be asked to select the interface that you would like to use select one ( if it is not correct you can go back and select the others ). For almost all networks you can just select the auto DHCP option. If not your system administrator or ISP will give you some numbers to type into the manual configuration. In that case select manual configuration and type the numbers in.

Ethernet / Network (No DHCP)

copy form set up network on PLDP

Wireless Phoenix; Late model PS/1 Value Point and 330s

Press F2 during boot = NEC

Press F10 when square in top RH corner of screen = Compaq

Press Ins during boot = IBM PS/2 with reference partition

Shift Ctrl Alt + Num Pad del = Olivetti PC Pro

Ctrl Alt ? = some PS/2s, eg. 75 and 90

Ctrl-Esc = Misc computers

Ctrl Ins = some PS/2s when pointer at top right of screen

Press reset twice = some Dells

Ctrl Alt Enter = Dell

Ctrl Alt Esc = AST Advantage, Award, Tandon

Ctrl Alt + = Misc computers

Ctrl Alt S = Phoenix

Ctrl Alt Ins = Zenith, Phoenix

Ctrl S = Phoenix

Ctrl Shift Esc = Tandon 386

The Xorg and Xvesa wizards

Choose Xorg first as it is easier to configure and more developed. Follow the instructions, selecting your preferred graphic card and monitor resolution.

Tips:

Speed up booting from live-cd

Copy pup_213.sfs from the cd to /initrd/mnt/dev_save/

Beautify Puppy

put images for background in /usr/share/backgrounds/

Right click on an icon

Rox filer / options / pinboard

foreground white

background black

Notes:

You don't need a hard disk to run Puppy. No installation is required either.

Saving settings now occurs during or after using Puppy Linux

Enter or waiting 5 seconds = Normal boot configuration and data saved on first hard drive found

Settings are saved in one file

Puppy will ask where and if a personal storage (pup001 in Puppy 1 series - usually pup_save.3fs now) should be created during the first shutdown .

The location will be expected as a standard Linux drive name. Follow the on screen instructions, i.e. type the location (e.g. hda1) and press 'Enter' '. You can choose not to save your settings etc. (thus hard disk not required), nothing will be saved and you'll be asked your settings (keyboard / mouse / video) each time Puppy boots.

Your personal storage file is a compressed file system within a file on your hard drive, or a USB flash drive. It won't make any changes to other files or the boot configuration.

With Multi-session all settings will be saved (burned) as a track to the CD/DVD. Nothing would be saved to a hard drive, so again, a hard drive is not needed. Burning is done automatically on shutdown.

Not enough RAM / NTFS solutions:

You may encounter errors if you don't have enough RAM. 128 MB of RAM is required to fully load all of Puppy Linux into the ramdisk. 256 MB of RAM is required to load the OpenOffice.org suite or other large programs quickly. Puppy will run well with as little as 48MB RAM and no swap file; with 48-96MB of RAM programs are loaded from the CD when needed. A Linux swap partition or swap file can be used to help overcome this problem on systems with less than the minimum requirements.

How to setup an Internet connection

Start the program "Menu | Network | Roaring Penguin PPPoE ADSL". The program has four registermaps, which will be described below.

Registermap Basic

* Connection Name: freely selectable name, e.g. the name of your Internet-provider

* Username: ask your provider

* Network: leave it empty

* Password: ask your provider

Registermap NIC and DNS

* Ethernet Interface: eth0

* DNS Setup: From Server

Registermap Options

* Allow use by non-root users: mark with a cross

* Use synchronous PPP: mark with a cross

* Firewall: Stand-Alone

Afterwards press the "OK" button. A new window appears "RP-PPPoE". There are two buttons named "Start" and "Stop".

With these two buttons you can connect / disconnect the Internet-connection. If you press the button "Start" two green bars should be visible. Now you are online.

You can now open the Internet browser "Menu | Internet | SeaMonkey Web browser". Enter a URL and see if the Internet site is displayed.

Start the program "Menu | Internet | SeaMonkey mail and news". The configuration depends on your email-provider. In the following you will find an example for GMX.

After you press the button "Finish" the program automatically downloads your emails from your email account. If you are offline, the following error message appears:

Start an Internet-connection (see chapter 5) and click (in the Seamonkey-Mail-Program) on the button "Get new messages".

Install Problems

I put the CD in and reboot but my computer dose not boot from the CD?

There are a few things that can go wrong here and this may not be a complete list.

Before doing anything drastic like changing BIOS settings try this;

Turn your computer completely off for about 10 seconds then try it.

If you have more than one CD drive try all of them.

Re-burn the CD or if you already have a version of Puppy running use this application to check it.

When you are in your BIOS setup program find the section that says boot order or boot device priority or something like that. Change this setting to check the CD drive first. This is OK because if there is no CD it just goes to the next device. A good way to set this up is for your CD to boot first then the floppy drive then the hard drive.

If your computer is really old or there is some problem then last thing to do would be to make a wake floppy.

Puppy tells me that it can't find a partition to put the pup001 file in or that it can't save my personal data?

The pup_save.3fs file contains setup information and any data and new software you add to Puppy, so it is important to get this sorted out.

Puppy can use any partition Linux, FAT, VFAT or NTFS to store this file.

Note: If you intend to install Puppy to it's own partition on your hard drive then the pup_save.3fs file is not needed.

What kind of keyboard do I have?

Americans use "us". English users in the UK use "uk". Other keyboards are supported on the initial set up and with the keyboard wizard.

When I try to install Puppy to my hard drive using option 2 the installer tells me that it can't install because the partition is mounted as root.

The fast and easy way to fix this is to reboot the live CD and at the boot menu type:

puppy pfix=ram

Then run the installer, your root is mounted in RAM so you can install Puppy to any partition you like!

The screen resolution is not the right size--it is too big or small

Go to Menu->Setup->XVESA Video Wizard or

Menu ->Setup->Xorg Video Wizard

To change the resolution

My high speed network connection is not working

There is a wizard to set up a Ethernet or LAN style intranet connection (most cable modems and other high speed connections).

Wireless

Wireless is tricky but if you carefully fallow these directions you should be able to get it up and running. First grab the Windows XP drivers for your card. If you don't know what kind of card you have you must find out somehow. Ask someone to help, type in your computer's model number into google (ie. "hp pavilion zd7000 wifi card" ) or crack open your case and look at the card.

When you get the drivers open a Rxvt window in the folder that has the file that is has a .inf extension.

The easiest way to do this is to open a ROX ( Menu -> File Managers -> ROX ) window and browse to the location of the driver. Then right click and in the menu select open 'terminal here'. Next run the wifi wizard and type the commands it asks you to. Finally select the WAG (wireless access gadget ) button at the bottom.

Hit OK to the messages as it starts. When WAG starts you should be able to just hit the DHCP button at the bottom. If there are any networks available this will find them. Exit WAG and you should be on the Internet.

CD/DVD

Puppy needs to know what drives you intend to use for specific functions. This includes CD burning, playing DVD's and reading plain CD. This is needed because Puppy can tell if the drive is capable of doing these functions but it can't tell the fastest one or anything else. So just run the CD /DVD drive wizard and set this up. It may be helpful to run the program called mut or drive mounter ( Menu -> Utility's -> MUT ). This program will tell you some info about the drives so you can figure out what drives are hda, hdb, hdc and hdd.

Printers

Run the printer wizard and the directions there should be sufficient to get most printers working. If your printer is not on the list that comes up, try one that is similar for example if you have an superjet 23e try the superjet 23 or superjet 23f.

Firewall

If your system will be on the Internet it should be behind a firewall of some kind. A firewall is something that keeps unsolicited Internet traffic from leavening or coming into your computer. Puppy has a software firewall that can be used if a hardware firewall is not in place.

Note: Routers provide some "firewalling" and many users just have router and do not use software firewalls

Like other parts of this section the way to set it up is to run the wizard. If you know what you are doing, set it up manually otherwise just select default. If the firewall breaks your Internet connection or does something else you can remove it completely.

Open a Rxvt ( Menu -> Run -> Rxvt ) window and type

rm /etc/rc.d/rc.firewall

This will take down anything that the firewall wizard does and return your firewall configuration back to the way that it was when you first installed Puppy.

The firewall should always be active. You can configure which ports are open to the Internet. Ideally all ports are closed. You should open only the ports you need to use. If you need some ports occasionally, keep the ports closed when not in use.
An open port is normally not risky in itself. Only if a server-program (called daemon) runs on your computer and waits at the port for inquiries, can it become dangerous. Therefore no daemons should run on your PC unless required.
The following instruction shows which ports are open and which daemons run:

* Install the Program nmap. Nmap is available as a PupGet
   * Open a shell and enter:
     nmap localhost
     Now you see the opened ports. If you are running Puppy at home without a home-network all ports should be closed.
   * The following command shows all daemons running:
     netstat -anp --ip
     Now you see the running daemons. If you are running Puppy at home no daemons should run.

Intrusion detection
For further improvement of your security you should store a checksum (a fingerprint) for all files. At regular intervals, but in any case before a backup, you examine the checksums of your files. If the checksums do not agree, the file was changed or deleted.

Sound

This is very simple to set up just run the wizard and hit enter all the way through.

Taking Puppy for a walk

Now that all the devices are installed this section will look at the apps. If you are looking for Open Office it is not included. Puppy is a very small distribution ( about 70 MB ) and there is just not room. Open Office is about 114 MB.

http://puppylinux.org/wikka/OpenOffice

If you have files that you would like to open from Windows this chart will help you find the correct program to open your file with.

Windows	Puppy
Microsoft Word	AbiWord
Microsoft Excel	Gnumeric
Nero, EZ CD Creator, H.T. Fireman	Graveman
Media Player, Winamp	Gxine

Windows-programs and corresponding Puppy Linux programs

Windows	Puppy-Linux
Windows	Explorer	ROX
Word	Abiword	OpenOffice
Excel	Gnumeric	OpenOffice
PowerPoint	OpenOffice	Impress
Notepad	Editor	Geany
Internet	Explorer	SeaMonkey
Outlook	SeaMonkey	Mail
Frontpage	Bluefish
Photoshop	Paintshop	Gimp
mp3-Player	Xmms
DVD-Player	Gxine

AbiWord

AbiWord is a mature well written, feature packed word processor. Barry likes to say that it you could write your PhD thesis on it. Fire it up and see for yourself. Menu -> Word Processors -> AbiWord.

Gnumeric

Gnumeric is another outstanding application. This one is a spreadsheet editor with lots of features. Just like AbiWord you can open all your files in almost any format. Menu - > Information managers. -> Gnumeric.

Installing on more media

USB Drive

Puppy can be installed to a USB drive. So to boot you would just stick it in and reboot the computer. No CD needed.

In Puppy 2 this is easy to do. First make sure you don't have anything that you need on the drive as the installer will wipe it. Now, go to Menu -> Setup -> Puppy Universal Installer.

Hard Drive

Installing Puppy to your hard drive is much the same as installing to a USB drive. The exception to this is that you must make room for Puppy on your hard drive.

You must supply an empty partition with about 500 MB of space on it. This should be an ex2 type partition. Next run the Universal installer ( Menu -> Setup -> Universal installer )

NTFS Workaround

There are two ways that Puppy can be installed to a hard drive. None of them will work if you have one big NTFS partition ( How Windows XP installs by default ). This should help you create some room for Puppy.

CAUTION: This is risky. Backup important data!

YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED !

Start off by backing up any important data. Next, open GParted ( Menu -> Control Panel -> GParted ). Now select the drive you would like to make space on in the top lefthand side.

Next, select the partition to resize and click the 'Resize / Move' tool from the tool bar. From here you can do anything you would like. Puppy only needs about 500 or 1000 MB even if you are planing on installing a lot of extra software. So just type 1000 in the third space down and hit enter. Then click the Resize button.

That's it, you should be able to install Puppy in the space you made.

How to backup pup_safe.3fs

The file pup_safe.3fs contains the personal settings and your personal files, if the files are not stored on another partition (e.g. harddrive, USB stick). The backup is very simple. Either you start Puppy with the boot-option "puppy pfix=ram" or you start your old operating system (Windows). Then you copy the file onto the backup medium (e.g. another harddrive, USB stick, CD-ROM).

Restore files from pup_save.3fs-file

You can see the content of the file pup_safe.3fs only if the file is loaded while booting Puppy. If the file cannot be loaded, there is nevertheless a way of getting into the file and saving the content:

* Start Puppy with the boot-option "puppy pfix=ram".

* Then you open a shell and enter the following command:

mount -o loop /mnt/hdax/pup_save.3fs /mnt/data

/mnt/hdax is the partition you stored the pup_save.3fs-file (e.g. mount -o loop /mnt/hda2/pup_save.3fs /mnt/data).

* Now you can see the content of the pup_save.3fs-file at the directory /mnt/data and you can copy all files to another harddrive or USB-stick.

Backup with rsync

If you do not store your files in the file pup_save.3fs but on a partition with ext3-filesystem, you can backup the files with the rsync-command. I recommend a second (external) harddrive as backup medium. The backup hard drive must have an ext3-filesystem too (see chapter 3.3.2).

Rsync synchronizes the backup with your current files and copies only the new and/or changed files on the backup medium. At the same time rsync deletes (if you want) all files from the backup medium, which you don't have anymore. In order to be able to use rsync, you must install the program first. (Search at the Puppy-Forum).

Before you make a backup ensure that your files were not compromised

The following example assumes that you saved your files at the directory /myData and that the backup directory is /backup.

Open a shell and enter the following commands:

* mount /dev/hda4 /mnt/hda4

Mount the partition, on which you stored your file. It must be a partition with a Linux-filesystem, e.g. ext3

* mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/sda1

Mount the partition, on which you want to store the backup, e.g. an external harddrive with ext3-filesystem.

* rsync -av --delete /mnt/hda4/myData/ /mnt/sda1/backup

Backup the files. If there is no backup-directory, create one with the command mkdir /mnt/sda1/backup

* umount /dev/hda4

Unmount the partition

* umount /dev/sda1

Unmount the partition

Note: The diagonal stroke behind /mnt/hda4/myData/ is important. Only the files within the directory /mnt/hda4/myData are copied, not the directory myData itself.

These are the rsync-options:

* a: all directories and files are copied

* v: you can see the progress on the screen

* delete: directories and files, that no longer exist in myData are deleted from the backup. If you don't like this, leave out the --delete option.

With the following commands you can restore your files from the backup:

* mount /dev/hda4 /mnt/hda4

* mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/sda1

* rsync -av --delete /mnt/sda1/backup/ /mnt/hda4/myData

* umount /dev/hda4

* umount /dev/sda1

Troubleshooting

How do I get an install CD?

Check out section 1.2.0 in this document.

I put the CD in and reboot but my computer does not boot from the CD?

See section 1.3.0 in this document.

What kind of keyboard do I have?

Americans use "us". English users in the UK use "uk". Other keyboards are supported on the initial set up and with the keyboard wizard.

When I try to install Puppy to my hard drive using option 2 the installer tells me that it can't install because the partition is mounted as root.

The fast and easy way to fix this is to reboot the live CD and select type 'puppy

The screen resolution is not the right size--it is too big or small.

When Puppy first boots there is a program that changes the size of the screen. If you need to change the resolution after this just goto Menu -> Setup -> Wizards -> Xserver Chooser.

Software Packages

If you need some software that is not included in Puppy it is easy to install more.

Puppy has two package systems, that will be merged into PETget. Both are automated and easy to use. PETGet is the main system, these packages are suppled by Puppy's developers and are in most cases the more stable of the two. DotPups are packages that Puppy users create. Sometimes these packages are experimental but most work without problems.

How do I set up my dial-up connection?

Goto Start -> Setup -> Modem Wizard to set up the modem.

When you have your modem set up goto Start -> Network -> GK Dial.

Click 'add' the button and put your information in. Then whenever you would like to use the intranet startup GK Dial and click "Connect".

Note: Winmodems may not work properly. You may have to use look for their drivers and try out the SL / Lucent pupget packages too. Most users save time and hassle with a full cheap external modem.

How to setup Puppy

How to change the background desktop-image

If you want to use another background picture, copy your picture into the directory /usr/share/backgrounds or change the directory from the Puppy background program. Subsequently, you start the program "Menu | Control Panel | Puppybackground desktop image". On the left side are the available background pictures. Select a picture and click on one of the four buttons fit / stretch / center / tile. The background desktop-image is changed immediately.

How to create your own menu

Puppy uses JWM (Joes Windows Manager) as windows manager. You can adapt JWM to your needs. If you want to change the program-menu follow these commands:

* Start the program "Menu | File managers | puppyROX file manager"

* Change to the directory /root

* Click on the symbol "Show all files"

* Right-click on the file .jwmrc and select "Open As Text". The .jwmrc-file is opened with Geany text editor now.

* Edit the file. The file .jwmrc has the following structure:

* Save the file and quit Geany.

* Restart JWM: "Menu | Shut Down | JWM restart"

How to store / remove a desktop icon

In order to store a desktop icon with a link to a program, directory or file, you can drag the file with the left mouse button from the file manager ROX onto the desktop.

If you want to remove a desktop icon right-click on the icon and select "Remove Item".

I use the live CD and I am out of room on the hard drive.

You need to increase the size of your personal storage file.

goto Start -> Utilities -> Resize Personal Storage Space

For most if not all cases, 256 Meg is all you need. I would recommend keeping any music or movies on a real partition on your hard drive.

Multiuser

Puppy is not developed as a multi-user distribution. In contrast to other distributions each user has full access to all files, programs and personal data. Nevertheless there are some options for multiusers.

How to personalise the pup_save.3fs-file

If several persons work with Puppy, you can assign a pup_save.3fs-file to each person. In this way each person can configure Puppy individually and store his personal file in his own pup_save.3fs-file.

All pup_save.3fs-files must be in the same directory and must begin with "pup_save". For example, if there are two users Julia and Alexander you make a copy of the original pup_save.3fs-file first. Then you rename the original file as pup_save_Julia.3fs and the copied file as pup_save_Alexander.3fs. When starting Puppy askes which pup_save.3fs-file to use.

Multisession

As described in chapter 4.4, each user can use its own Puppy CD/DVD with his programs and his personal files. To do so use the boot option multi-session. Even though multi-session is really interesting I am hesitant to save on the same CD-/DVD-data medium again and again. I would always be afraid of losing my files.

Linux Commands. What is Linux?

Linux is an Open Source, free Operating System with a core (kernel) created by Linus Torvalds. Linux is a free Unix compatible system. It is used by Nasa, Financial institutions and in mission critical applications where reliability is a priority.

What is the Linux kernel?

The Linux kernel is the heart of the Linux operating system.

To find out which version of the Linux kernel you are running,

type uname -r in a terminal.

Linux kernel info http://www.kernel.org

Puppy 2.xx uses 2.6

How do I change screen managers

xwin JWM (default)

xwin fv95wm (pupget install)

xwin xfce (dotpup install)

(xwin = xstart on other Linux systems)

How do I reboot my Puppy?

reboot (from console)

shutdown -r now

You can also press (all at once) the control + alt + delete keys.

How do I shut down my Puppy?

ctrl + alt + backspace

poweroff

How do I remove/uninstall Lilo/Grub?

If you want to remove the Lilo or Grub boot loader from your system (if you are un-installing Linux etc) follow the procedures below:

For Windows 95/98 etc:

Use a dos boot disk and at the command prompt type:

fdisk /mbr

For Windows XP:

Boot off the XP Installation CD and go into rescue mode. From there run the command:

fixmbr

How do I change directories?

cd - Used to change directories

Usage: cd [directory]

Example: cd /root/my-documents/

Example: cd ../ (to move back one directory)

Example: cd (to return to your home directory)

How do I copy files?

cp - Used to copy files/directories from one location to another

Usage: cp file newlocation

Example: cp /home/joey/index.html /var/www/index.html

Example: cp /home/joey/* /var/www/ (this will copy everything in /home/joey to /var/www/)

For more information, in a terminal, type cp --help

How do I rename files?

mv - Used to move or rename files

Usage: mv file location (to move)

Usage: mv filename newfilename (to rename)

Example: mv index.html /var/www/index.html (to move)

Example: mv index.html index2.html (rename)

For more information, in a terminal, type mv --help

How do I move files?

mv - Used to move or rename files

Usage: mv file location (to move)

Usage: mv filename newfilename (to rename)

Example: mv index.html /var/www/index.html (to move)

Example: mv index.html index2.html (rename)

For more information, in a terminal, type mv --help

How do I list directory contents?

ls - To list the contents of a directory

Usage: ls [flags] directory

Example: ls (To list the current directory)

Example: ls /home/joey (To list the contents of /home/joey)

Example: ls -a (To list hidden files)

Example: ls -l (To list file/directory permissions and file sizes)

Example: ls -al /home/joey (To list all files and permissions in /home/joey)

For more information, in a terminal, type man ls

How do I delete files?

To delete a file you must first have write permission to it.

There is no "Recycle Bin" in Linux so once you delete a file, it's gone for good.

When removing files, you may use an astrix (*) as a wildcard flag to remove certain files, for example if I wanted to remove all files that began with the letter j, I would run rm j*

If anyone tells you to run rm -rf / as root, DO NOT LISTEN TO THEM. Running this command will delete all the files/directories on your Linux system.

Use md5sum in Puppy console to check downloads

e.g.

# md5sum emptycrust107RC.iso

This displays a string that can be compared to the md5sum on the web site.

How do I delete directories?

If you have ownership to the directory and the directory is empty, you can simply type rmdir directoryname to remove the directory. If the directory is not empty and you wish to simply delete it and all its contents, run rm -rf directoryname

Please be careful with the -rf flag, as it will remove everything in the specified directory including sub directories. With root access and the rm -rf command you can wipe out your entire system if you make an error.

How do I access my cdrom drive?

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

How do I access my floppy drive?

mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy

How do I unzip a .tar.gz/.tgz file?

To extract .tar.gz or .tgz files, run the following command in a terminal:

tar -zxvf file.tar.gz (or file.tgz)

This will normally create a new directory based on the filename. If you want to extract a filename called file.tar (without the .gz) simply run:

tar -xvf file.tar

For more information, in a terminal, type man tar and scroll down to the tar entry.

How do I unzip a .bz2 file?

Click on the file from ROX and select "Extract"

To extract .bz2 files, run the following command in a terminal:

bunzip2 -dv file.bz2

This will normally create a new directory based on the filename.

How do I run a program?

Type the program name in a console (rxvt) window

Try: dillo, mtpaint, ical

How do I check HD errors

fsck.ext2 -vfn /initrd/dev_save/pup_save.3fs

How to create a DotPup

First of all: creating a DotPup-file requires good Linux knowledge and is something for advanced Puppy users.

* Start the program "Menu | Word processing | Geany text editor". Create a new blank sheet and enter the following commands:

#!/bin/sh

tar -xzP -no-same-owner -f dotpup.tar.gz

rox /tmp/readme.txt

* Save the file as /root/dotpup.sh

* Open a shell and enter:

o chmod +x /root/dotpup.sh

Make the file executable.

* Copy all files of the new program into the correct directories of Puppy Linux. You will have to consider where to get the program files from. For example you could copy the files from another Linux-distribution installed on your computer (e.g. Debian). Or install the program with the pb_debianinstaller (see chapter 7.2.3) first.

* a file called readme.txt. This file should list all files that your DotPup stores on the computer. Save the file as /root/readme.txt and copy the file to /tmp.

* Open a shell and enter:

o cd /root

o tar czvPf dotpup.tar.gz /directory1/file1 /directory1/file2 /directory2/file3 /tmp/readme.txt

All program-files and the readme.txt are put into the file dotpup.tar.gz.

o md5sum dotpup.sh > md5sum.txt

Create a md5sum of the file dotpup.sh.

o md5sum dotpup.tar.gz >> md5sum.txt

Create a md5sum of the file dotpup.tar.gz.

o zip -9 MyProgram.pup dotpup.sh dotpup.tar.gz md5sum.txt

Puts the files dotpup.sh, dotpup.tar.gz and md5sum.txt into the file MyProgram.pup.

o rm -f md5sum.txt

Deletes the file md5sum.txt.

o rm -f dotpup.tar.gz

Deletes the file dotpup.tar.gz.

Now you have made a DotPup. If you are familiar with shell scripts you can write a shell script for creating a DotPup.

* You should test the DotPup. Copy the DotPup-file to a harddrive or USB-Stick. Shut down Puppy and start Puppy from an original Puppy-CD with the boot-option "puppy pfix=ram". Start "Menu | File managers | puppyROX file manager" and left-click on the DotPup-file. Install the program and verify whether the progam works OK.

If you wish, you can offer your DotPup to other Puppy users. Upload the DotPup to the forum, category "Additional Software". Do not forget to mention for which Puppy-release the DotPup is created.

Tips and tricks. Upper and lower case

Linux always differentiates between upper and lower case. The two files MyFile.txt and myfile.txt are different file.

14.3 Special characters

Don't use special characters except for minus (-) and underline (_) for filenames or directory-names. Don't use the space-character. Use the characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, -, _ only.

14.4 How to move files with ROX

If you left-click on a file and pull it to another directory the file is copied. If you press the shift-key at the same time, the file is moved.

Further information about ROX

The context menu of ROX

To use the contextmenu of ROX right-click on a file or directory.

Setup DVD/CD-burning program TkDVD

Click on the button "Advanced Options" and enter a check mark at the option "Filesystem extensions | Add Joliet extensions". This enables you to use long filenames.

Copy and paste in the shell rxvt

Copy = left mouse-click

Paste = middle mouse-click

Automatic completion in the shell rxvt

You don't have to type the entire path or filename at the shell. It's enough to type the first letters and then press the tabulator-key. The shell completes the directory-name or filename.

Setup time and date

Start the program "Menu | Control Panel | Set date and time".

Security

If you start Puppy from CD-ROM (or from a CD-image on your hard drive) no potentially harmful programs can install on your computer. With every reboot all potential malware is gone.
However you are not wholly protected against malware while you are online, because (in theory) malware can be installed on your computer and can be active until the next reboot. That is why you should always run a firewall (see chapter 5). Besides you can store checksums of all your files to make sure, no one has manipulated your files.

Root

In contrast to most other Linux distributions Puppy does not differentiate between a normal user and the administrator root. Rather you always works as root, which simplifies the use of Puppy. For the normal home user, there are no special risks compared to other Linux distributions. On the contrary, Puppy is safer than most distributions.

First let's analyze the risk of a distribution, which differentiates between user and root. The user works as a normal user, who does not have privileges to write/delete programs and system files. An intruder can compromise only the user's files. However the intruder has an entrance to the system and can try to gain root-privileges (find the password file, use exploits to transfer malware code and so on), and afterwards try to get access to all files.
As long as Puppy starts from CD-ROM (and is not installed on the hard drive) the program-files and system-files are secure. Every time you reboot any malware programs, which an intruder could have left, are gone. Of course your own files stored into the pup_save.3fs-file or on a hard drive can be compromised by an intruder, but this can happen to the normal user of another Linux distribution as well. If you want to be safe from intrusion, store checksums of all files and backup your files regularly

Checksums

In order to compute and store the checksums, you open a shell and enter the following commands:

* md5sum /usr/bin/md5sum

Create a checksum of the program md5sum. Write down the checksum.

* mount /dev/hda4 /mnt/hda4

Mount the harddrive with your files.

* find /mnt/hda4 -type f -exec ls -ail {} \; \-exec md5sum {} \; > /root/check1.dat

Create the file check1.dat with the checksums of all files.

* md5sum /root/check1.dat

Create a checksum of the file. Write down the checksum.

If you want to check, which files have been changed enter these commands:
* md5sum /usr/bin/md5sum
Create a checksum of the program md5sum. Compare the checksum with the checksum of step (1).

* md5sum /root/check1.dat
Create a checksum of the file /root/check1.dat. Compare the checksum with the checksum of step (3).

* mount /dev/hda4 /mnt/hda4
Mount the harddrive with your files.

* find /mnt/hda4 -type f -exec ls -ail {} \; \-exec md5sum {} \; > /root/check2.dat
Create the file check2.dat with the actual checksums of the files.

* diff /root/check1.dat /root/check2.dat > /root/diff.txt
Compare the two files check1.dat and check2.dat. The differences are written to the file diff.txt.

* Open the file /root/diff.txt and check, if you know about the changed files. If not think why these files have been changed.
* Delete the file /root/check1.dat
* Rename the file /root/check2.dat as /root/check1.dat.
* md5sum /root/check1.dat
Create a checksum of the new check1.dat-file. Write down the checksum.

Encrypt with bcrypt
You should encrypt very sensitive files with the program bcrypt. Bcrypt uses the secure Blowfish-algorithm.
Open a shell and enter:
   * bcrypt /MyDirectory/MyFile
Then you are asked a password (at least eight characters long; you can abort bcrypt with "Ctrl" + "C"). Bcrypt encrypts your file and appends the extension bfe to the file. The original file is deleted automatically.
If you want to encrypt more than one file or a complete directory you should create an archive-file. Start the program "Menu | Utilities | Xarchive archiver". Afterwards you encrypt the archive-file.
Note that bcrypt deletes the original file automatically. You can't recover the file. If you don't want to delete the file start bcrypt with the option -r:
   * bcrypt -r /MyDirectory/MyFile
If you want to decrypt the file start bcrypt again:
   * bcrypt /MyDirectory/MyEncryptedFile
Than you enter your password

Introducing Puppy Linux

Ed Jason - ed.jason@gmail.com

Jan 2007

Table of Contents

What is Puppy Linux?

Isn't Windows or a big Linux better?

How to get Puppy

Run from CD - the easiest way to try Puppy

How to run Puppy the very first time

Save settings and personal files

Harddrives, partitions and filesystems

How to create a FAT32-partition

How to install Puppy

To boot from CD

Boot Options

Running PuppyWhen you have a bootable CD:

The Initial Boot up

Booting

Changing CD boot settings:

If Booting requires BIOS changes:

Entering CMOS For Different Motherboards

Device setup

Dialup Modems

Ethernet / Network (Cable Modems and DSP)

Ethernet / Network (No DHCP)

The Xorg and Xvesa wizards

Not enough RAM / NTFS solutions:

Install Problems

Firewall

Gnumeric

Hard Drive

NTFS Workaround

How to backup pup_safe.3fs

Backup with rsync

How to create your own menu

Multiuser

How to personalise the pup_save.3fs-file

Multisession

Linux Commands. What is Linux?

How do I unzip a .bz2 file?

How do I run a program?

How to create a DotPup

Tips and tricks. Upper and lower case

Further information about ROX

Automatic completion in the shell rxvt

Security

Root

Checksums

Running Puppy
When you have a bootable CD: